Tough Cookie

Like pthalates, not all parabens are created equal. Parabens can be found in nature, especially as antioxidants in blueberries, but some parabens, primarily used as preservatives, have been found to be more toxic than previously thought. Parabens have been shown to cause allergic reactions and exacerbate some skin conditions. Some research has shown that parabens mimic estrogen and can trigger hormone disruption in the body, however, no direct link has been found with consumer goods.

Sulfates are what make shampoos "sudsy." Technically, they are known as "surfanctants," and they attract oil and water. They also remove dirt and dead skin cells from skin and scalp. While all "sulfates" are not "bad" for you, some sulfates, such as SLS and SLES, have been known to strip natural oils from the hair and scalp, cause irritation on the scalp and skin, and cause dry/brittle hair.

Phthalates are used to make plastics flexible and lubricate cosmetics. Technically, we call these "plasticizers." These are often found in synthetic fragrances. Not all pthalates are bad, but the ones that are harmful are known as "endocrine disruptors," which means their chemical structure mocks the human hormone in the body, potentially causing premature sexual development in young girls, reproductive toxicity, and potentially weight gain in men.

Mineral oil is used to treat certain scalp conditions, including dandruff or scalp psoriasis. However, mineral oil is a derivative of crude oil - the very same crude oil that is purified into petroleum. The problem with this is the purification process uses toxic chemicals and carcinogens, and if not properly distilled, remain in the mineral oil. While it will not put you in mortal danger, mineral oil has been shown to negatively impact hair growth and also causing lasting disruption to the scalp with those who have sensitivity to it.